Insights

Where the math is defensible.

Long-form research on live enterprise decisions. Publication is selective. Every number traces to a named source. No takes without evidence.

336 published insights, 4159 named primary sources cited across the catalog. Showing 5.

Filtering: Service line: Food and agricultural economics Clear

Food and agricultural economics 2026-04-26 10 minute read 12 sources

Egypt 2026: Nile Water Security after GERD Completion, the Entebbe Pivot, and the Food Import Question

Ethiopia completed the fifth GERD filling in August 2024 and declared the project finished in September. With Burundi's October 2024 ratification of the Cooperative Framework Agreement, the legal and hydrological status quo behind Egypt's Nile rights is, in practice, gone.

Egypt's Nile question has shifted from a negotiation problem to an operating problem. GERD was declared complete by Ethiopia on 3 September 2024 after the fifth reservoir filling, with four of thirteen turbines online by April 2026 toward a 6.45 GW installed capacity. African Union mediation collapsed in late 2023. The Cooperative Framewo...

Food and agricultural economics 2026-04-26 10 minute read 18 sources

Global wheat 2026: Russia's 47 Mt export apex, Egypt's GASC reform, and the post Black Sea Initiative trade map

USDA's April 2026 WASDE places 2025/26 world wheat output at roughly 795 million tonnes against ending stocks of 261 million tonnes, the tightest stocks to use since 2013. Russia, India, and Australia anchor supply. Egypt and the broader MENA bloc carry the fiscal exposure.

Global wheat enters the 2026 marketing year with stocks lower than at any point since the 2012/13 crop. USDA WASDE places 2025/26 production near 795 million tonnes and ending stocks at 261 million tonnes, with the bulk of the cushion held in China, India, and Russia, none of which exports freely. Russia's 2024/25 harvest of about 82 Mt a...

Food and agricultural economics 2026-04-26 16 min 12 sources

Japan Rice Crisis and the Gentan Unwind: Pricing, Politics, and the Reform Window of 2026

Empty supermarket shelves in August 2024, a 60 percent spot price surge, and a reserve release of 210,000 tonnes have shattered the post gentan equilibrium. Koizumi reform proposals, JA Zen Noh dominance, and the 2025 Lower House vote now define the policy contest.

Japan ran out of rice in late August 2024. Retail inventories at supermarket level fell to roughly 80,000 tonnes against a normal carry of about 200,000 tonnes, prompting MAFF to release 210,000 tonnes from the government emergency stockpile in September 2024 (the first such release since the program was created in 1995). Spot wholesale p...

Food and agricultural economics 2026-04-26 11 min read 12 sources

The Sahel After ECOWAS: Food Security and Sovereignty Under the AES

The Alliance of Sahel States completed its ECOWAS withdrawal in January 2025. Under junta rule, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger now host roughly 17 million acutely food-insecure people, a Russian Africa Corps security footprint, and a contested resource book that still attracts Chinese, Emirati, and Russian capital despite Western disengagement.

On January 29, 2025, the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State formally acknowledged the withdrawal of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, twelve months after the three juntas announced their joint exit. The Alliance of Sahel States, AES, now operates as a confederation under Assimi Goita (Mali), Ibrahim Traore (Burkina Faso), and Abdourahamane T...

Food and agricultural economics 2026-04-26 10 minute read 20 sources

US Fertilizer Through 2026: Potash, Ammonia, and the Affordability Reset

US growers consumed roughly 21 million tonnes of nitrogen, 4.2 million of phosphate, and 4.5 million of potash in 2024 against a price stack that has retraced two thirds of the 2022 peak. The structural questions are import dependence (95 percent for potash), the cost wedge that Henry Hub gives CF Industries and Koch over Yara and OCI, and how Section 232 actions on Russia and Morocco interact with a USDA net farm income line that fell from 185 billion dollars in 2023 to 140 billion in 2024.

US fertilizer consumption in 2024 totaled approximately 21.0 million tonnes of nitrogen, 4.2 million of phosphate (P2O5), and 4.5 million of potash (K2O), per USDA Economic Research Service. Prices have retraced sharply from the 2022 invasion peak: muriate of potash (MOP) FOB Saskatchewan landed near 300 dollars per tonne in Q4 2024 again...

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