Where the math is defensible.
Long-form research on live enterprise decisions. Publication is selective. Every number traces to a named source. No takes without evidence.
Cobalt 2026: the DRC chokepoint, the Indonesian flood, and a price floor that has not held
Seventy percent of mined cobalt comes out of one country, three quarters of refining sits in another, and the price has fallen by two thirds since 2022. The chokepoint did not disappear. It moved.
Cobalt entered 2026 as the most concentrated battery metal in the world and the worst priced. The Democratic Republic of the Congo produced roughly 70 percent of mined supply in 2024, China refined about three quarters of the global total, and prices fell from above 80,000 US dollars per tonne in 2022 to a 24,000 to 30,000 corridor across...
The electric vehicle recalibration of 2024 to 2026: how the S curve flattened in the West, why China kept going, and where margins, batteries, and policy reset
Global plug in sales hit 17.1 million in 2024 and 22 percent share, but US growth stalled at 1.3 million, Europe contracted, and OEMs from Ford to Volvo wrote down EV programs even as China cleared 11 million units and BYD shipped 4.27 million vehicles.
Electric vehicle adoption did not collapse, it bifurcated. The IEA reports 17.1 million plug in sales in 2024, 22 percent of new car sales globally, with China alone at 11.3 million units and roughly 47 percent domestic share. Europe contracted to about 3.0 million plug ins as ACEA registrations fell, and the United States crawled to 1.3 ...
Vietnam's EV and Battery Cluster Comes of Age: VinFast at Scale, the China Question, and the 46 Percent Tariff Cliff
Hanoi has assembled the most complete EV and battery supply chain in Southeast Asia outside of mainland China. The 2026 stress test is whether VinFast can profitably reach the United States while VinES, CATL, Gotion, Samsung SDI, and LG ES navigate Section 301 reciprocal tariffs, IRA Foreign Entity of Concern rules, and a tightening Power Master Plan VIII grid envelope.
Vietnam closed 2024 with real GDP growth of 7.09 percent, nominal GDP of roughly 462 billion US dollars, and realized FDI of 25.4 billion US dollars, the highest on record (General Statistics Office of Vietnam). The EV and battery cluster is the most visible expression of that capital. VinFast launched the VF3 mini in mid 2024, broke grou...