Where the math is defensible.
Long-form research on live enterprise decisions. Publication is selective. Every number traces to a named source. No takes without evidence.
France 2026: The Fiscal Trilemma Tightens
Bayrou's Loi de Finances 2026 has to land a 4.6 percent deficit while financing rearmament, a contested pension implementation, and the EPR2 build, with three rating agencies already at AA minus or worse.
France entered 2026 with the second largest fiscal deficit in the euro area, 5.8 percent of GDP in 2024 per INSEE national accounts, against a corrective path agreed with the European Commission under the reactivated Excessive Deficit Procedure that requires 5.4 percent in 2025 and 4.6 percent in 2026. Loi de Finances 2026 cleared the Nat...
Bills, Coupons, and the Buyer Rotation: How Treasury Finances a USD 2 Trillion Deficit in 2026
The Treasury runs a roughly USD 28 trillion debt stock and a USD 2 trillion fiscal deficit through 2026 with rising bills share, the foreign buyer base flattening, and the Fed runoff at residual pace. The marginal-buyer question now sits with stablecoins, money funds, and US households.
United States Treasury debt held by the public crossed USD 28 trillion in early 2025 and tracks toward USD 30 trillion by year end 2026 on Congressional Budget Office baselines. The fiscal year 2025 deficit settled near USD 1.85 trillion; FY2026 baseline runs USD 2.0 to 2.1 trillion before any IEEPA tariff revenue or expiring TCJA provisi...