Where the math is defensible.
Long-form research on live enterprise decisions. Publication is selective. Every number traces to a named source. No takes without evidence.
Bangladesh LDC graduation 2026: GSP loss arithmetic across EU, UK, Canada, Japan
When duty free access narrows in late 2026, knit and woven apparel exporters face a tariff cliff that varies sharply by destination. We translate the schedules into landed cost deltas and three planning scenarios.
Bangladesh exits the United Nations Least Developed Country category in November 2026, ending automatic Everything But Arms duty free entry into the European Union, Least Developed Country Tariff treatment in Canada, and equivalent Generalized System of Preferences carve outs in Japan and the United Kingdom. Apparel under Harmonized Syste...
Vietnam Apparel Substitution Post China Decoupling: The Limits of the Easy Story
Vietnam now ships more knit and woven apparel to the United States than at any point in its history, but the value chain still runs through Chinese mills, and the substitution narrative buckles under rules of origin, port congestion, and FDI absorption ceilings.
The dominant story of the 2020s decoupling cycle is that apparel sourcing has migrated decisively from China to Vietnam. The headline import shares support the claim, but the BACI HS 61 and 62 panel, Vietnamese fabric input data, and on the ground capacity diagnostics tell a more layered story. Vietnam captured assembly volume, not the up...